Internal combustion engine



March 29, 1932. F. EBANN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE vFiled July 12. 1930 @06721'07: ji dmand Ibann 1mm, fin?! M.

P ate ntedM art 2 9, 1932; T 1

Er oerfice c -lfnnnmei mgnealsm;oninvnnsdvonf nmnois' INTERNAL COMBUSTIUN 'IENGINE Application filed luly ,12, 1930. se iarno. 67,408; T w This; invention relates to internal combos thecylinderhead for renewing thegasket, re-

tionengines of the'multiple cyln1dertype,and grinding the vValves, or for anyIother par 'is more particularly directed to the, construe tlcalar' purpose, the pistons maylikewlse be 7 o tion of the piston'assembly comprising the easily removed and inspected, and new piston pistons and a cross-head gu de which are ll Ilg'S placed thereon, f necessary,or ifthe e adapted to be utilized in the type of engine, pistons ar found to be 1n bad conditionythey illustrated and described in my copendlng apmaybe readily replaced by new plstons.

phcatign fi March go gg'g nd bearing Other objects and advantages will behere- Serial No. M8300. The type ofengine illuslnafter setrforth 1n the detailed description,

illustrated in thepresent applicationis of a lTmYlIIgS =1 construction wherein the, usll al connecting I [F g e @V l C SS tionshowing rods "or pitmen are eliminate d. and greater i h ylm s he P15130115 (on O i compactness is obtained, so that the bulk of t PlStOIlS lng p rtly inflection) t CM 13) ,trated in my coPendi'ng pplication and also reference being d rte the accompanying I l E th engim5 as 11. as its ight j t i u ,shaft, the connections betweenit'and the pis- 5 reduced, thereby realizingcertainimportant e and the crank .case and, water-jacket advantagesamongwhichcmay be'rnentioned with} the 1 mpa'nylng parts; and

greater simplicity, lower cost; and v cheaper F gq 2 1 plan VleW of the cross-head v adjustments and r v guide lllustratlngthe threaded lugs which S Oneiofzthe objectsr'of e ve tk o are adapted to receive the internally threaded .701 V is to nstruct the reciprocating members -pl stons, and the boss that receives the fastencomprisingthe pistons; and cross-head mem- 1g ew Q mg the pistons and cross [her in such a. manner as to" reduce thefcost of head gulde ge relative 11101791116111;- 7

du fi n he f The i t n d, the In thedraw-lngsl have illustrated niy,.in--

Q 35;; croSs-headmember constitute units that may Y l'e as em in uryc n n be "easily cast and flikewiseeasily machined, o p s g' y e re gmb iz -qy nd and finished, and Whichmay alsobe readily arranged le y slde 1n P b i Will sufs bl d i h rt Space f tim l I fice to descrlbe the mounting and connections "Anotherobject ofthe present inventi n i 0f 'asingle pair ofcyhnders, as'suchdescrip- -31 to construct" the pistons and'the cross-head pph t0 the other P i w atever 2:0

guide as separate and" independent Innits feyl y be PI V e which may be fastened togetheriby flanys'uitnp'th-e engine as a whole; A single crank; ablei neans "permitting the l'emo val 5f th 1 shaft is used and m thecase. of an 8-cylinder i fr m th v to of th lind r bld k ith eng ne it would be provldecl with four cranks 3'5 out'nece ssitating, the removal of any of the rm g n h angular relation to h Q i 85 cr'oss-head' memberjsjfroin'the position which m ym p yed 8- y i r engines of they normally occupywith" reference to the heV-ty e e emthe'tWopistohs lyingin crankshaft; and" Without necessitating the h e transverse 'vertlcal Plane arevconfrem'o'i al'ofthe crank case; Itis also to be o i l O'ihe same crank. The several cyll 4 D notedthatiniengines ofconventicnalpiesentf er m y be. s i one f o e b ksyfis I day 'constructiomthe pistons can not bee re-f P rr -3 3 t y are Surrounded y the moved from either end' 'of th cylind with; usual,waterjackets and'equipped With intake f outdisturbing their res ective connections and g a t .y v p a d" m m-g o *With the crank-shaft;i. ,*e;, the crank-shaft.shafts1nany,sultableway;-

Y43'ibearings: Inthe engine of'the instant appl i V rd c 'ing lQ O a s p i fiiiy;

cationthe:crank-shaft bearings do not have QQtiO and4 indicate, respectively, thetwo V I V tobe ztouched,;t o "re1nove thepistons, thereby .cylln r'si'of a pair-tha ar arrangedside by 'eliminating.the' -refitting oithose'bearingsfon' si deQ-havingg-a commoni partition '5 therebe-v remov algofanyiof the pistons; Withthislform wee providedjiwi h 'a-Water space 6 t that cfzconstrnction, it isg seengthat on removing f0rn1s-afpartofthe circulating; system;

of the cylinders and forms a part of the en; gine housing which is adapted to support a" cylinder head 10 having suitable water passages therein and provided at its underside with firing chambers 11, 12 lnto which extend spark plugs 13, 14 as usual. Intake passages 15, 16 communicate, respectively, with the a chambers 11, 12 and'are normally closed. by

valves 17, 18. These valves are controlled by cams 19, 20 mounted on cam shafts Z1, respectively, and are arranged lower ends of the valve lifters 25, 26 on which the lower ends of the valve stems are seated. It should be understood that these valve operating devices are shown and described mere- 1y as one preferred meanst'or' actuating the valves, but that, so far as' -my invention is concerned, any othersuitable valve operating mechanism, or valve arrangement, may be he chambers ll, 12 overlie the ports in which the valves 17,18 are seated, and also the outer portions of the cylinders, sojjthat the fuel entering said chambers on. the intake stroke of their respective pistons will be drawn thereinto in the. usual way. "Each cylinder is-a lso provided with a valve controlled exhaust port (not shown), which may be of any approved type, so that the operation of the engine willbc of the usual four-cycle principl'e although the invention might be embodied in a two cycle engine, or one of the Diesel type.

*The cylinders 3 and-t are mounted on a crank case'27 at the bottom of which is a removable plate or oil pan 28 secured by screws '29. At the top of said crankcase is inwardly projecting annularfiange-3O on which the cylinder block rests, and on which it is supported by a marginal flange 31 located ferably'adjacent to the upper ends of the skirts 7 and 8, the latter projecting down throughthe' openings in the flange 30, as shown in"Figure 1. Operating in' the. cylinders 3' and 4, respectively, are the pistonsihl' and 33,;provided with the usual piston rings. The pistons 32 and 33 are connect-ed toand joined by a plate 35', the lattercomprising the upper member of the cross-head guide l as The piston skirts are internally throad at 36, and-are adapted to be sci-t fted on to the segmentary threaded lugsST carried by the late35. This operation may be performed y any suitable tool such as a spanner wrench,' that can be inserted into openings 38 provided for: that purpose at'thc top-of to actuate th each piston. Each piston is locked against turning by the use of a suitable bolt 39, the head of which is disposed within a recess formed in the head end of the piston, and the threaded end of which bolt engages an internally threaded boss 41, also carried by the plate 35. The bolt is provided with a tapered shank portion 42 adjacent the head thereof, being adapted to tightly seat itself into a tapered recess 43 in the piston, the

' purpose of which isto provide a seal to prevent escape of fuel mixture and exhaust gases into the crank case, as well as to maintain the proper compression.

The cross-head guide 34 comprises the upper plate 35, hereinbefore referred to, and a lower plate 44 which is bolted to the depending legs .45 extending from plate 35. It is between these two plates, 35 and 44 respective- I that the cross-head or-slide-block 46 opas will be hereinafter explained. 35 and'44 can be easily y, crates, Each of the plates manufactured, and although the plate-35 has been described as having separate externally threaded fragmentary lugs, and internally threaded bosses, it isobvious that'the 'plate could be constructedwith only two projecting bosses externally threaded to receive the respective pistons, with each boss provided with a tapped hole for receiving the ends of the bolts 39. v

Mounted in suitable bearings 47 in the crank-case is a crank-shaft 48 having'th'e requisite number of cranks,0ne of which "is shown in section at 49. "This crank portion lies between the transverse plates 35 and 44, and carries the cross-head or slide block- 46 composed of upper and lower'members 51 and 52, connected together by screws 53. The crank portion "has bearing engagement in said cross-head, and the cross-head itself is arranged to slide transversely b'etween the plates 35 and 44 against which its lowerand upper surfaces bear. Lubrication of these parts may be arranged in any suitable way, as by the common splash system or pressure feed system.

It will be evident that as the crank-shaft 48 rotates, the cross -head 46 will reciprocate transversely between the/plates 35 and l4, and at the same time the crank portion- 49 will rotate about the axis of the crank-shaft 48. Rotation of the crank-shaft is'efiected by the action of the pistons 32 and 33,'to-

gether with the other pistons comprising the engine asa whole.

:By connecting the ismns in pairs directly with the cranks of the crank-shaft, the usual pitmenor connecting rods are "eliminated,

'aconsul rable'reduction in' weight is effected.

Furthermore, the parts are much moreeasily accessibleiior adjustments and repairs.

, aforementioned plates correspondingly cone vex, which aids in keeping the cross-head. to a true rectilinearmovement andavoids wear between the-endsof said cross-headand the.

adjacent parts'of the crank. However,- this construction may be varied in any number ofways to produce the same guiding action,

' to guidesaid pistons and said cross-head member, especially during the latter part of such as providing-plates 3 5 and 44 with cross ribs adapted for cooperation within grooves or the like in members-51 and 52 of the cross a head g r The depending skirts 7 and 8 of the cylinders cooperate with the pistons 32 and 3321s well as with the cross-head guide member 34 their downwardmovement, and avoid cramping, so that the pistons operate smoothly throughout the entire range of their movement. The enginemay be assembled in the following manner: The cross- Qhead guide member 35 is first inserted with: its'depending legs adjacent the depending skirts7 and 8 ofthe cylinders. The pistons, as a matter of choice, 'may beattached to member 35 and inserted upwardly into their respective cylinders on insertion of the plate 35 between the depending cylinder skirts, or,

the pistons may be secured to the plate 35 after'the balance of the engine comprising the crank and its cross-head members and thep-late 44 have been assembled. When the plate 35 is in place, the crank-shaft, with the 'cross-head members. fitted to the respective cranks of. the-shaft, is entered into the bearings .47 and the bearing capsfastened in place. It is to be noted that although the cross-head shown has the screws '53 with j I carried bythe respective pistons and connecttheir respective heads adjacent the plate 35, it is obvious that the cross head may also occupy a position revolved at 180 to the posi tion shown, in which case the heads of the screws 53 would occupyaposition adjacent V the plate 44. Itis also apparent that the cross-head 46 may be so constructed as tobe substantially square in form with all four 1 sides thereof having convex surfaces',.so that in the event that the two sides operating between the cross-head guide members should become worn and scored, it"is possible to turn the cross-head member to allow the other two sides of the cross-head member to engage I the cross-head guide members 35 and 44.

. When the crank-shaft is in place, plate member 44 comprising the lower way of the cross-head guide member, is secured inp'l'ace by means of bolts. In order to take up wear between the plate members 35 and 44a is l What I claim is onlyv neces'sary to removethe oil pant-o allow access; to the 'plateqmember- 44,. which; may also be removed and someot-the shims55 takenout to compensate for the wear. During this same -'adjustment it is an easy matter to takeupthe wear ofthe cross-head block 4L6'by removing some ofthe shims 56 therefro a j With this construction of internal com:

bustion engine it is likewise possible to assemblewall of the moving elements comprising i the pistons, cross-head guide, cross-head and crankshaft on the work bench. This isfof great advantage in that :it affords, a simple and accuratemethod of fitting and checking the bearings of the parts having relative movement, and also facilitates the use' of proper jigs for gauging and aligning all of comprising the. pistons, cross-head, cross-head guide, and crank-shaft,ras a unit on the work bench, it is possibleto insert thisunit assembly vas a'whole into the cylinder block from below, leaving onlythe crank-shaftabearing capsto'be fastened into place. y

, Althoughlhave confined my description drawings, it is obvious that many changes are possible which will not depart from the metes and bounds of thiswinvention, and therefore, I donot wish to be. limited tothis exemplary embodimentbut onlyainsofar as is set forth in the appended claims. j o

11. An' internal. combustion engine comprising a pair *of parallel cylinders,pistons adapted to reciprocate in unison therein, each of'said pistons having a conical recess formed in the head portion. thereof, a crankshaft,

the parts, especially the pistons and cranks. -After assembling the operating mechanism to thepartioular disclosure illustratedin the ico a transverse guide operatively connected with I gine, and-locking means comprising. bolts ing with the transverse guideto secure the pistons against accidentally loosening from said shaft, said pistons having threaded cona nections with said guide to facilitate'removal .of'the pistonsztherefrom andfrom said enthe transverseguide,-said bolts'beingproe vided with 'a tapered shank, portion having connection with said pistons-within the conie cal. recesses formed therein .toestablish a seal gasesfrom within the cylinders. y I 2.. Aninternal combustion engine compris-i ing a pair of parallel cylinders, pistonsadapt; ed to reciprocate in unison thereimsaidpistons having jthreaded s kirts,-,a: crank shaft,

toprevent escape ofiuelimixture"andexhaust and means directlyconnecting said pistons: with said crank shaftto rotate theshaft by a the: reciprocation of the piston said means having jthreaded lugs cooperating with the ing'therpistonstojsaid means:

threaded-Piston rt iOrdetachably'secur V ing a dpair of parallel cylinders," pistons adapt/e to reciprocate in unison therein, said pistonshaving threaded skirt-s, a crankshaft, means directly connecting said pistons with said cran'k shaft to rotate the'shaft-by the :reciprocationof the pistons, said-means having threaded lugs cooperating with the threaded piston skirts for detachably securing the pistons to'saidmeans, and locking means carried byea'chof therespective pistons engagingthe aforesaid meansfor preventingaccidentafl loosening of the' pistons'from said means,-

41 An internal combustion engine comprising-aipair of adja'cent cylinders, pistons provided with threaded skirts operating'in the cylinders, 21 cross-head guide'comprising'an upper plate having depending legs, threaded lugs on said upper plate,-a'nd a lower plate secured to said depending legs, said pistons being detachablyconnected directly to said upper plate by means of the threaded skirts engaging the threaded lugs thereon, a crank shaft and a cross-headassociated with said shaft and'opera ting between the plates of said cross-head guide whereby the shaftis rotated by the reciprocat-ion of the pistons.

-5. An internal combustion engine comprising'a pair of adjacent cylinders, pistons provided with threaded'skirts operating inthe cylinders, a cross-head guide comprising an upper plate having depending legs, threaded lugs on'said-up'per plate, anda lower plate secured to, said depending'legs, saidpistons being detachably connected directly to said upper plate by means of the threaded skirts engaging the threaded lugs thereon, locking means carried by the respective pistons connecting with said upper plate for preventing aoci'dentaldetachment' of the pistons from the plate, a crank shaft,a nda cross head associated with said shaftand operating betWeen the plates of the cross-head guide whereby the shattis rotated by the'reciprocw tien of the pistons.

6.- An internal combustion engine comprising a pairof adjacent cylinders, pistons pro vided with threaded skirts operating. in the cylinders; a cross-head guide comprisingan upper plate having depending. legs, threaded lugs on saidu'pperplate, and a lower plate secured tosaid depending legs, said-pistons being'detachably connected directly'to said upper plate by means of :the threaded'skirts engaging the threaded lugs thereon, means comprising through bolts carried by the .respective pistons connecting withzsaid upper plate: for preventing accidental detachment I of the pistons from the plate, a-crank' shaft,

and across-head associated with saidshaft and operating between the plates of the crosshead guide whereby the shaft is rotatedby the reciprocation oflthe pistons.

7. a An internalcombustion engine comprising -apair of adjacent cylinders, pistons opcrating therein comprising head ortions having conical recesses therein, and t readed skirts, a cross-head guide comprisingran upper plate having depending: legs, threaded lugs on said upper plate, and a lower plate secured to said legs, said pistons being detachably connected directly to said upper plate by means of the threaded skirts engaging the threaded lugs-thereon, locking means cooperating between the pistons and the upper plate of the cross-head guide for preventingaccidentaldetachment of the pis tons from the plate comprising through bolts having tapered shank portions' adjaoent the heads thereof, said tapered shank portions engaging within the conical recesses formed in the piston heads to effect a seal for reventing fuel mixture and exhaust gases rom-es caping out of the cylinders, a crank shaft, and a cross-head associated with said shaft and operating between the plates of the crosshead guide whereby the shaft is rotated by the reciprocation of the pistons.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this3rd day of July, 1980.

FERDINAND EBANN. 

